Validation of the Chinese general self-efficacy scale among individuals with schizophrenia in Hong Kong

The concept of self-efficacy has recently produced considerable interest among mental illness researchers. Self-efficacy was found to be associated with the number of hospitalizations, social adjustment, rehabilitation outcome, and levels of positive symptoms among individuals with schizophrenia. Given its escalating importance in psychiatric rehabilition, a scale to assess self-efficacy with established psychometric properties is urgently needed. Validated scales that measure self-efficacy of Chinese with severe mental illness are however extremely limited. The Chinese General Self-efficacy Scale (CGSS) was generic in design and had not been validated for use with people with mental illness. The purpose of this study is to examine psychometric properties of CGSS for use among persons with schizophrenia in Chinese societies. The content validity of items was endorsed by a panel of 8 rehabilitation professionals with 75% to 100% of agreement. The scale was tested in sample of 78 individuals with schizophrenia and found to have excellent internal consistency (0.92-0.93) and very good to excellent test re-test reliability (0.75-0.94). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution explaining 69.0% of variance which was different from overseas studies which showed the scale to be unidimensional. The scale was concluded to be reliable and valid to assess self-efficacy of Chinese with schizophrenia. Potential uses of this scale were suggested.