TY - GEN
T1 - Use of a system-theoretic model for safety analysis of remotely-controlled system of inland ships
AU - Zhang, Puzhe
AU - Wu, Bing
AU - Cheng, Tingting
AU - Yip, Tsz Leung
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The research presented in this paper was supported by the 111 Project (B21008), International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51920105014), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52071248)
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 IEEE.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - During the last decade, the remotely-controlled ships had developed rapidly because of the potential advantages of improving safety, reducing emissions, and reducing manning. Due to the safety of remotely-controlled system is the important foundation in the research for remotely-controlled ships, this paper proposed a remotely-controlled system for different levels of autonomy and with or without crew on board. And the safety of the system is analyzed by using the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA) approach. The analysis results indicate that: (1) Among the 13 types of system-level hazards, virtual captain failure, remotely-controlled station failure and communication error have the largest number of unsafe control actions, and the number of corresponding safety strategies is also the largest, which accounts for more than 10%; (2) The potential risk failures of the remotely-controlled system of inland ships mainly include five categories: hardware equipment failure, system software failure, communication factor, human error and environmental factor; (3) When the level of autonomy is improved, the risk of collision and wave damage caused by communication error will be reduced or eliminated. And the number of effective safety strategies will also increase, while the number of safety strategies will decrease; (4) When there are crews on board, the number of most effective safety strategies will increase by 10, and the total number of safety strategies will increase by 20. The results are helpful to improve the safety of the remotely-controlled system of inland ships in the preliminary design stage, by designing the safety strategies for different autonomy levels and with or without crew on board.
AB - During the last decade, the remotely-controlled ships had developed rapidly because of the potential advantages of improving safety, reducing emissions, and reducing manning. Due to the safety of remotely-controlled system is the important foundation in the research for remotely-controlled ships, this paper proposed a remotely-controlled system for different levels of autonomy and with or without crew on board. And the safety of the system is analyzed by using the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA) approach. The analysis results indicate that: (1) Among the 13 types of system-level hazards, virtual captain failure, remotely-controlled station failure and communication error have the largest number of unsafe control actions, and the number of corresponding safety strategies is also the largest, which accounts for more than 10%; (2) The potential risk failures of the remotely-controlled system of inland ships mainly include five categories: hardware equipment failure, system software failure, communication factor, human error and environmental factor; (3) When the level of autonomy is improved, the risk of collision and wave damage caused by communication error will be reduced or eliminated. And the number of effective safety strategies will also increase, while the number of safety strategies will decrease; (4) When there are crews on board, the number of most effective safety strategies will increase by 10, and the total number of safety strategies will increase by 20. The results are helpful to improve the safety of the remotely-controlled system of inland ships in the preliminary design stage, by designing the safety strategies for different autonomy levels and with or without crew on board.
KW - remotely-controlled ships
KW - safety control structure
KW - strategy design
KW - system-theoretic process analysis (STPA)
KW - unsafe control actions
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133963563&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/ICTIS54573.2021.9798579
DO - 10.1109/ICTIS54573.2021.9798579
M3 - Conference article published in proceeding or book
AN - SCOPUS:85133963563
T3 - 6th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety: New Infrastructure Construction for Better Transportation, ICTIS 2021
SP - 1458
EP - 1464
BT - 6th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 6th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety, ICTIS 2021
Y2 - 22 October 2021 through 24 October 2021
ER -