Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy

Kai Liu; Mu He; Zian Zhuang; Daihai He; Huaichen Li

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174

Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy

Kai Liu
, Mu He
, Zian Zhuang
, Daihai He
, Huaichen Li

Research output: Journal article publication › Journal article › Academic research › peer-review

39 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this analysis, we observed that human development index (an integrated index of life expectation, education and living standard) correlates with infection rate (proportion of confirmed cases among the population) and the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Italy based on data as of May 15, 2020. Further analysis showed that HDI is negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, whereas it is positively correlated with chronic disease and average annual gross salary. These factors may partially explain why unexpected positive correlation is observed between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy.

Original language	English
Article number	100174
Pages (from-to)	1-3
Number of pages	3
Journal	One Health
Volume	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174
Publication status	Published - Dec 2020

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infectious Diseases

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10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174

http://hdl.handle.net/10397/88939

Cite this

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title = "Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy",

abstract = "In this analysis, we observed that human development index (an integrated index of life expectation, education and living standard) correlates with infection rate (proportion of confirmed cases among the population) and the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Italy based on data as of May 15, 2020. Further analysis showed that HDI is negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, whereas it is positively correlated with chronic disease and average annual gross salary. These factors may partially explain why unexpected positive correlation is observed between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy.",

author = "Kai Liu and Mu He and Zian Zhuang and Daihai He and Huaichen Li",

note = "Funding Information: DH was supported by General Research Fund ( 15205119 ) of Research Grants Council of Hong Kong and Alibaba (China) Co. Ltd. Collaborative Research Project ( P0031768 ). The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding Information: DH was supported by General Research Fund (15205119) of Research Grants Council of Hong Kong and Alibaba (China) Co. Ltd. Collaborative Research Project (P0031768). The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Author(s)",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "1--3",

journal = "One Health",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy

AU - Liu, Kai

AU - He, Mu

AU - Zhuang, Zian

AU - He, Daihai

AU - Li, Huaichen

N1 - Funding Information: DH was supported by General Research Fund ( 15205119 ) of Research Grants Council of Hong Kong and Alibaba (China) Co. Ltd. Collaborative Research Project ( P0031768 ). The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding Information: DH was supported by General Research Fund (15205119) of Research Grants Council of Hong Kong and Alibaba (China) Co. Ltd. Collaborative Research Project (P0031768). The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s)

PY - 2020/12

Y1 - 2020/12

N2 - In this analysis, we observed that human development index (an integrated index of life expectation, education and living standard) correlates with infection rate (proportion of confirmed cases among the population) and the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Italy based on data as of May 15, 2020. Further analysis showed that HDI is negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, whereas it is positively correlated with chronic disease and average annual gross salary. These factors may partially explain why unexpected positive correlation is observed between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy.

AB - In this analysis, we observed that human development index (an integrated index of life expectation, education and living standard) correlates with infection rate (proportion of confirmed cases among the population) and the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Italy based on data as of May 15, 2020. Further analysis showed that HDI is negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, whereas it is positively correlated with chronic disease and average annual gross salary. These factors may partially explain why unexpected positive correlation is observed between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85091897755

U2 - 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174

DO - 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174

M3 - Journal article

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SN - 2352-7714

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EP - 3

JO - One Health

JF - One Health

M1 - 100174

ER -

Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy

Abstract

UN SDGs

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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