Ultra-fast multi-parametric 4D-MRI image reconstruction for real-time applications using a downsampling-invariant deformable registration (D2R) model

Haonan Xiao, Xinyang Han, Shaohua Zhi, Yat Lam Wong, Chenyang Liu, Wen Li, Weiwei Liu, Weihu Wang, Yibao Zhang, Hao Wu, Ho Fun Victor Lee, Lai Yin Andy Cheung, Hing Chiu Chang, Yen Peng Liao, Jie Deng, Tian Li, Jing Cai

Research output: Journal article publicationJournal articleAcademic researchpeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background and purpose: Motion estimation from severely downsampled 4D-MRI is essential for real-time imaging and tumor tracking. This simulation study developed a novel deep learning model for simultaneous MR image reconstruction and motion estimation, named the Downsampling-Invariant Deformable Registration (D2R) model. Materials and methods: Forty-three patients undergoing radiotherapy for liver tumors were recruited for model training and internal validation. Five prospective patients from another center were recruited for external validation. Patients received 4D-MRI scans and 3D MRI scans. The 4D-MRI was retrospectively down-sampled to simulate real-time acquisition. Motion estimation was performed using the proposed D2R model. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed D2R model and baseline methods, including Demons, Elastix, the parametric total variation (pTV) algorithm, and VoxelMorph, were compared. High-quality (HQ) 4D-MR images were also constructed using the D2R model for real-time imaging feasibility verification. The image quality and motion accuracy of the constructed HQ 4D-MRI were evaluated. Results: The D2R model showed significantly superior and robust registration performance than all the baseline methods at downsampling factors up to 500. HQ T1-weighted and T2-weighted 4D-MR images were also successfully constructed with significantly improved image quality, sub-voxel level motion error, and real-time efficiency. External validation demonstrated the robustness and generalizability of the technique. Conclusion: In this study, we developed a novel D2R model for deformation estimation of downsampled 4D-MR images. HQ 4D-MR images were successfully constructed using the D2R model. This model may expand the clinical implementation of 4D-MRI for real-time motion management during liver cancer treatment.

Original languageEnglish
Article number109948
JournalRadiotherapy and Oncology
Volume189
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2023

Keywords

  • 4D-MRI
  • Deep learning
  • Deformable image registration
  • Motion management
  • Real-time

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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