Abstract
Contingencies occurring in multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT-HVDC) grids can result in DC voltage/flow violations and also affect the frequency stability of the connected multiple asynchronous grids. To recognize and control such notable operating risks, a novel flexible risk-limiting optimal power flow (FROPF) for the MT-HVDC grid with vast wind generation is proposed in this paper. Within the two-stage FROPF structure, the pre-contingency operation of grid-side voltage-source converters (GVSCs) is optimized to minimize MT-HVDC grid power losses. Immediately following an outage occurring in the MT-HVDC grid, various fast-acting corrective actions of GVSCs are utilized to hedge against the overall risk exposure, including the wind power curtailment risk of the MT-HVDC grid and the rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF) violation risk imposed on associated asynchronous grids. Reformulation techniques are introduced to ease the computational complexity of the optimization model. Case studies of two MT-HVDC grids demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FROPF.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 8834828 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1750-1760 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- DC grids
- frequency stability
- multi-terminal
- operating risk
- optimal power flow
- Wind generation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment