The time course of normalizing speech variability in vowels

To achieve perceptual constancy, listeners utilize contextual cues to normalize speech variabilities in speakers. The present study tested the time course of this cognitive process with an event-related potential (ERP) experiment. The first neurophysiological evidence of speech normalization is observed in P2 (130–250 ms), which is functionally related to phonetic and phonological processes. Furthermore, the normalization process was found to ease lexical retrieval, as indexed by smaller N400 (350–470 ms) after larger P2. A cross-language vowel perception task was carried out to further specify whether normalization was processed in the phonetic and/or phonological stage(s). It was found that both phonetic and phonological cues in the speech context contributed to vowel normalization. The results suggest that vowel normalization in the speech context can be observed in the P2 time window and largely overlaps with phonetic and phonological processes.