TY - JOUR
T1 - Temporal Variation of Excess Deaths from Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
AU - Yao, Xiaoxin I.
AU - Han, Lefei
AU - Sun, Yangbo
AU - He, Daihai
AU - Zhao, Shi
AU - Ran, Jinjun
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China , grant number 82103909 (Dr. Yao); the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province , grant number 2021A1515220132 (Dr. Yao); Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation , grant number 22YF1421100 (Dr. Ran); Shenzhen Science and Technology Program , grant number JCYJ20220530144403007 (Dr. Yao) and Sci-Tech Innovation Programme 2022 at School of Global Health , SHUMU , grant number: SGHKJCX2022-02 (Dr. Han).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Background: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has persisted for more than two years with the evident excess mortality from diabetes, few studies have investigated its temporal patterns. This study aims to estimate the excess deaths from diabetes in the United States (US) during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the excess deaths by spatiotemporal pattern, age groups, sex, and race/ethnicity. Methods: Diabetes as one of multiple causes of death or an underlying cause of death were both considered into analyses. The Poisson log-linear regression model was used to estimate weekly expected counts of deaths during the pandemic with adjustments for long-term trend and seasonality. Excess deaths were measured by the difference between observed and expected death counts, including weekly average excess deaths, excess death rate, and excess risk. We calculated the excess estimates by pandemic wave, US state, and demographic characteristic. Results: From March 2020 to March 2022, deaths that diabetes as one of multiple causes of death and an underlying cause of death were about 47.6 % and 18.4 % higher than the expected. The excess deaths of diabetes had evident temporal patterns with two large percentage increases observed during March 2020, to June 2020, and June 2021 to November 2021. The regional heterogeneity and underlying age and racial/ethnic disparities of the excess deaths were also clearly observed. Conclusions: This study highlighted the increased risks of diabetes mortality, heterogeneous spatiotemporal patterns, and associated demographic disparities during the pandemic. Practical actions are warranted to monitor disease progression, and lessen health disparities in patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AB - Background: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has persisted for more than two years with the evident excess mortality from diabetes, few studies have investigated its temporal patterns. This study aims to estimate the excess deaths from diabetes in the United States (US) during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the excess deaths by spatiotemporal pattern, age groups, sex, and race/ethnicity. Methods: Diabetes as one of multiple causes of death or an underlying cause of death were both considered into analyses. The Poisson log-linear regression model was used to estimate weekly expected counts of deaths during the pandemic with adjustments for long-term trend and seasonality. Excess deaths were measured by the difference between observed and expected death counts, including weekly average excess deaths, excess death rate, and excess risk. We calculated the excess estimates by pandemic wave, US state, and demographic characteristic. Results: From March 2020 to March 2022, deaths that diabetes as one of multiple causes of death and an underlying cause of death were about 47.6 % and 18.4 % higher than the expected. The excess deaths of diabetes had evident temporal patterns with two large percentage increases observed during March 2020, to June 2020, and June 2021 to November 2021. The regional heterogeneity and underlying age and racial/ethnic disparities of the excess deaths were also clearly observed. Conclusions: This study highlighted the increased risks of diabetes mortality, heterogeneous spatiotemporal patterns, and associated demographic disparities during the pandemic. Practical actions are warranted to monitor disease progression, and lessen health disparities in patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Demographic analyses
KW - Excess deaths
KW - Pandemic waves
KW - Temporal pattern
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148053486&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.018
DO - 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.018
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36801628
AN - SCOPUS:85148053486
SN - 1876-0341
VL - 16
SP - 483
EP - 489
JO - Journal of Infection and Public Health
JF - Journal of Infection and Public Health
IS - 4
ER -