Synchronous Machines

This chapter describes modeling and parameter determination of the electrical and the mechanical systems of a synchronous machine. A significant effort has been made to derive the electrical parameters needed to represent synchronous machines during system transients. Before introducing the machine data expressed in terms of test measurements, it may be useful to investigate the synchronous machine behavior to a sudden three-phase short circuit at the armature terminals. A wide range of test methods has been proposed and used in order to obtain derived parameters that characterize the synchronous machine. In the derivation of the basic equations of the synchronous machine, magnetic saturation effects are neglected in order to deal with linear coupled circuits and make superposition applicable. Before discussing the methods of representing saturation effects, it may be useful to review the characteristics of a synchronous machine while the stator terminals are open- and short-circuited.