Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Nina Schweikert; Andreas Hofmann; Michael Schulz; Marco Scheuermann; Steven Tyler Boles; Thomas Hanemann; Horst Hahn; Sylvio Indris

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.124

Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ⁷Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Nina Schweikert, Andreas Hofmann, Michael Schulz, Marco Scheuermann, Steven Tyler Boles, Thomas Hanemann, Horst Hahn, Sylvio Indris

Research output: Journal article publication › Journal article › Academic research › peer-review

135 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this work, the formation of lithium dendrites in lithium/Li4Ti5O12battery cells is studied using different experimental techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is presented as a tool to investigate non-invasively the dendritic growth on a lithium metal surface in lithium/Li4Ti5O12cells during numerous discharging/charging cycles. Scanning electron microscopy is used for visual inspection of the dendrite formation. In situ7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is sensitive to quantitative changes at the lithium metal surface. Application to symmetrical lithium/lithium battery cells allows for a careful comparison of the investigated electrolytes. All these experimental methods provide consistent results. It is demonstrated that the growth of lithium dendrites is significantly correlated to the electrolyte employed. All electrolytes based on the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)azanide (EMIM-TFSA) show reduced dendrite growth in comparison to the standard electrolyte for Li-ion batteries, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC). LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA and LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA/propylene carbonate suppress lithium dendrites most efficiently.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	237-243
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Power Sources
Volume	228
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.124
Publication status	Published - 7 Jan 2013
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Dendrite formation
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Lithium metal
Lithium titanate
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Scanning electron microscopy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

More information

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.124

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Schweikert, N., Hofmann, A., Schulz, M., Scheuermann, M., Boles, S. T., Hanemann, T., Hahn, H., & Indris, S. (2013). Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ⁷Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Power Sources, 228, 237-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.124

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title = "Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy",

abstract = "In this work, the formation of lithium dendrites in lithium/Li4Ti5O12battery cells is studied using different experimental techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is presented as a tool to investigate non-invasively the dendritic growth on a lithium metal surface in lithium/Li4Ti5O12cells during numerous discharging/charging cycles. Scanning electron microscopy is used for visual inspection of the dendrite formation. In situ7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is sensitive to quantitative changes at the lithium metal surface. Application to symmetrical lithium/lithium battery cells allows for a careful comparison of the investigated electrolytes. All these experimental methods provide consistent results. It is demonstrated that the growth of lithium dendrites is significantly correlated to the electrolyte employed. All electrolytes based on the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)azanide (EMIM-TFSA) show reduced dendrite growth in comparison to the standard electrolyte for Li-ion batteries, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC). LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA and LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA/propylene carbonate suppress lithium dendrites most efficiently.",

keywords = "Dendrite formation, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Lithium metal, Lithium titanate, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Scanning electron microscopy",

author = "Nina Schweikert and Andreas Hofmann and Michael Schulz and Marco Scheuermann and Boles, {Steven Tyler} and Thomas Hanemann and Horst Hahn and Sylvio Indris",

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Schweikert, N, Hofmann, A, Schulz, M, Scheuermann, M, Boles, ST, Hanemann, T, Hahn, H & Indris, S 2013, 'Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ⁷Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 228, pp. 237-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.124

Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ⁷Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. / Schweikert, Nina; Hofmann, Andreas; Schulz, Michael et al.

In: Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 228, 07.01.2013, p. 237-243.

Research output: Journal article publication › Journal article › Academic research › peer-review

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T1 - Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

AU - Schweikert, Nina

AU - Hofmann, Andreas

AU - Schulz, Michael

AU - Scheuermann, Marco

AU - Boles, Steven Tyler

AU - Hanemann, Thomas

AU - Hahn, Horst

AU - Indris, Sylvio

PY - 2013/1/7

Y1 - 2013/1/7

N2 - In this work, the formation of lithium dendrites in lithium/Li4Ti5O12battery cells is studied using different experimental techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is presented as a tool to investigate non-invasively the dendritic growth on a lithium metal surface in lithium/Li4Ti5O12cells during numerous discharging/charging cycles. Scanning electron microscopy is used for visual inspection of the dendrite formation. In situ7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is sensitive to quantitative changes at the lithium metal surface. Application to symmetrical lithium/lithium battery cells allows for a careful comparison of the investigated electrolytes. All these experimental methods provide consistent results. It is demonstrated that the growth of lithium dendrites is significantly correlated to the electrolyte employed. All electrolytes based on the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)azanide (EMIM-TFSA) show reduced dendrite growth in comparison to the standard electrolyte for Li-ion batteries, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC). LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA and LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA/propylene carbonate suppress lithium dendrites most efficiently.

AB - In this work, the formation of lithium dendrites in lithium/Li4Ti5O12battery cells is studied using different experimental techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is presented as a tool to investigate non-invasively the dendritic growth on a lithium metal surface in lithium/Li4Ti5O12cells during numerous discharging/charging cycles. Scanning electron microscopy is used for visual inspection of the dendrite formation. In situ7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is sensitive to quantitative changes at the lithium metal surface. Application to symmetrical lithium/lithium battery cells allows for a careful comparison of the investigated electrolytes. All these experimental methods provide consistent results. It is demonstrated that the growth of lithium dendrites is significantly correlated to the electrolyte employed. All electrolytes based on the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)azanide (EMIM-TFSA) show reduced dendrite growth in comparison to the standard electrolyte for Li-ion batteries, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC). LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA and LiPF6in EMIM-TFSA/propylene carbonate suppress lithium dendrites most efficiently.

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KW - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

KW - Lithium metal

KW - Lithium titanate

KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance

KW - Scanning electron microscopy

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DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.124

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0378-7753

VL - 228

SP - 237

EP - 243

JO - Journal of Power Sources

JF - Journal of Power Sources

ER -

Schweikert N, Hofmann A, Schulz M, Scheuermann M, Boles ST, Hanemann T et al. Suppressed lithium dendrite growth in lithium batteries using ionic liquid electrolytes: Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ⁷Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Power Sources. 2013 Jan 7;228:237-243. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.124