Spoofing mitigation based on Doppler frequency and pseudorange corrections in GNSS receiver

The reliability and security of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have become critical concerns in recent years. Synchronous spoofing attacks, in particular, can deceive users by providing false position, velocity, and time (PVT) solutions without causing significant power increases or disrupting the receiver's tracking loop. Consequently, mitigating these sophisticated spoofing attacks in low-cost standalone receivers remains a significant challenge. To address this, Doppler-based spoofing mitigation methods have been proposed, leveraging the receiver's Doppler measurement features to estimate the parameters of incoming signals. Theoretical analysis characterizes Doppler measurements under interference, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using widely used opensource data with spoofing attacks.