Shear stress stimulates integrin β1 trafficking and increases directional migration of cancer cells via promoting deacetylation of microtubules

In egress routes of malignancy, cancer cells are constantly subjected to shear stress imposed by blood/lymph flow. Increasing evidence points toward the regulatory roles of shear stress in tumor cell adhesion and motility. Although it is known that integrin endocytic trafficking governs focal adhesion (FA) turnover and cell migration, the effect and biological consequences of low shear stress (LSS) on integrin trafficking remain unclear. Here, we identified the critical role of integrin β1 trafficking and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) mediated endocytosis in LSS-induced cell directional migration. LSS altered the distribution of integrin β1 in MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly promoted its internalization and recycling, which in turn facilitated FA turnover and directional cell migration. Furthermore, LSS induced cytoskeleton remodeling, which was required for internalization of integrin β1. LSS down-regulated the acetylation level of microtubules (MTs) via activating ROCK/HDAC6 pathway, resulting in elevation of MTs dynamics, Cav-1 motility, and Cav-1-dependent integrin β1 recycling. We also showed that high HDAC6 expression was a ROCK-dependent prognostic factor, which was correlated with poor outcomes in breast cancer patients. Taken together, these results defined a novel mechanism by which LSS enhanced integrin β1 trafficking via actin cytoskeleton remodeling and ROCK/HDAC6 mediated deacetylation of MTs, thereby promoting FAs turnover and directional cell migration.