Self-directed language learning: A semiotic analysis of a language learning app

Virtual learning sites give learners unprecedented control and autonomy over their own learning. The flexible learning pathway is mainly contributed by the design of the apps, which offers a variety of linguistic and semiotic resources for language learning. So far, there is only limited research on the multimodal design of language learning apps. This chapter examines the semiotic arrangement of the Memrise app, which is a multilingual virtual learning site with a focus on vocabulary learning. In particular, this chapter aims to (1) map out the kind of resources that are provided for learners, (2) the way these resources are realised in the design of the app and (3) the way in which these resources are orchestrated and contribute to language learning through conducting multimodal social semiotic analysis. This chapter concludes with a critical view of the use of technology in education.