@article{bf0f39b1273e4b63a310909b93d83d40,
title = "Seismic fragility analysis of pile-supported wharves with the influence of soil permeability",
abstract = "Past seismic events have shown that pile-supported wharves are susceptible to severe damage during earthquakes, and thus it is important to assess the seismic performance of pile-supported wharves. Seismic fragility analysis is recognized as an effective means for seismic performance assessment of infrastructural systems exposed to seismic hazards since it quantifies the probability of seismic damage conditioned on the various ground motion intensity levels. This study systematically investigates the seismic fragility of a large-scale pile-supported wharf at both component and system levels. It is well known that pile-supported wharf is a typical soil-pile-structure system, and the soil-pile-structure interaction will significantly affect its seismic performance. In this regard, a solid-fluid, fully-coupled nonlinear finite element (FE) model is developed for the seismic analysis of this large-scale pile-supported wharf. Additionally, to determine the quantitative seismic demand bounds for different damage states, this study proposes the use of the pushover analysis-based procedure rather than engineering judgment or engineering common sense which is subjective to a degree. Furthermore, the soil permeability is another parameter that may evidently influence seismic fragility of wharf structures, so its influence is also discussed in detail through parametric studies.",
keywords = "Component fragility, Pile-supported wharf, Pushover analysis, Soil permeability, System fragility",
author = "Lei Su and Wan, {Hua Ping} and Kaiming Bi and Yong Li and Jinchi Lu and Ling, {Xian Zhang} and Ahmed Elgamal and Arulmoli, {Arul K.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51808307 and 51878235 ), the Special Project Fund of Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province, China ( 2015-212 ), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China ( ZR2017QEE007 ), and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant ( NSERC RGPIN-2017-05556 Li ) in Canada. Funding Information: All simulations are carried out using the open source FE platform OpenSees. Since the fragility analysis requires a large number of FE analyses, a 2D FE model is constructed for seismic analysis of this wharf to save computational cost. It should be noted that 2D FE modeling of pile-supported wharves is widely accepted for fragility analysis [26,28,29]. The wharf deck is modeled by linear elastic beam elements, and nonlinear fiber beam-column elements are used to simulate the piles (Fig. 2c). In particular, the uniaxial Kent-Scott-Park concrete model (i.e., Concrete01 material in OpenSees) is used to model the core and cover concrete, and the uniaxial Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto model (i.e., Steel02 material in OpenSees) is utilized to simulate the steel. Properties of concrete and steel in the fiber sections are provided in Table 2, and their stress-strain response is shown in Fig. 2(d)-(f). The moment-curvature behavior of the prestressed reinforced concrete (RC) pile cross section is shown in Fig. 2g. The entire soil domain is idealized into four units including 9 sub-layers as well as the dike structure as shown in Fig. 2a. The saturated soil is modeled by the four-node plane-strain bilinear isoparametric elements, able to characterize the dynamic behavior of two-phase solid-fluid fully coupled material [31,32,38]. The constitutive model used to simulate the saturated sand layer is the PDMY model (i.e., PressureDependMultiYield material in OpenSees). Such a soil constitutive model can well simulate the liquefaction-induced shear strain accumulation mechanism. The EPP build-up is defined by P''=c Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.04.003",
language = "English",
volume = "122",
pages = "211--227",
journal = "Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering",
issn = "0267-7261",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
}