SDN-NFV-Aided Edge-Cloud Interplay for 5G-Envisioned Energy Internet Ecosystem

Energy Internet (also referred to as Smart Grid 2.0) is another promising application of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), for example, in the way energy is being produced, traded, distributed, and consumed. This is partly due to the lowering of barriers (e.g., costs and Internet connectivity) and advances in the underlying technologies, such as smart meters, electric vehicles, and actuators. This has also resulted in significant growth in the volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and value of data (i.e., the 5 Vs of big data). However, efficiently and effectively handling such big data remains challenging. One solution currently being explored in the literature (including industry) to cope with the increasing network traffic is to use conventional cloud infrastructure, but the key limitations of such an approach include long response time and high bandwidth consumption. Therefore, there have been attempts to introduce next-generation Internet of Things networks to satisfy (real-time) network service demands and guarantee quality of service, for example, by pushing computing capabilities closer to the users (e.g., edge of the network). However, computation-intensive energy analytics can be challenging to perform at the network edge by edge or fog computing devices. Hence, there have also been attempts to utilize software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) in order to improve network functionality while adding programmability and flexibility features to the network infrastructure. Specifically, NFV facilitates virtual network function (VNF) deployment and orchestration, while SDN controls them for specific use cases. However, with the rise of next-generation mobile networks (i.e., 5G), applications and services require fast and smooth operations with greater flexibility, efficiency, and scalability. In order to align with 5G and leverage potential benefits of edge computing, VNFs should possess critical processing requirements (e.g., high throughput, low latency, and minimal computation overheads). In other words, virtualization plays an important role. To date, several techniques have been introduced in order to achieve the desired objective using virtual machines (VMs) and containers in isolation. However, a hybrid approach using VMs and containers is likely to bring potential benefits for the large-scale deployment of VNFs across the heterogeneous edge and cloud platform. Thus, in this article, a novel architecture for SDN integrated with NFV, specifically for the Energy Internet ecosystem, is presented by leveraging the advantagesof edge computing. In the considered setup, the deployment of VNFs is achieved using a mix of both virtualization and containerization. Findings from our evaluation demonstrate the potential for VNF placement across a hybrid execution setup powered by VMs, as well as the benefits of using containers.