Role of Blockchain and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in Execution of Sustainable Smart Construction

The daily life, community dynamics, and attainment of necessities in arid and semi-arid cities face different challenges compared to pluvial or subtropical regions. However, by adopting technologies and smart operational infrastructure, the impact of such challenges can be mitigated, and a better lifestyle can be offered to such communities of arid or semi-arid regions. Likewise, integrating cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and blockchain has resulted in significant changes. This connection improves openness, efficiency, and confidence in construction processes by allowing live monitoring and decision-making. Blockchain provides a secure and unchangeable platform for documenting transactions, contracts, and asset management throughout the project life cycle, assuring accountability and traceability. CPSs combine computer, networking, and physical processes to provide a structure for automation that improves construction machines and operational workflows. This chapter explores the potential of blockchain technology and CPSs in the construction industry to achieve smart and sustainable operations. In addition, the chapter also includes a discussion on implementing CPSs for real-time monitoring, green energy, water harvesting, eco-management, and agronomics, considering the constraints of arid and semi-arid regions. This chapter will educate the readers about the significance of blockchain and CPSs in the construction sector and identify prospective areas that might benefit from integrated systems in such arid or semi-arid regions.