Resin composites filled with solid waste under the background of carbon neutrality

Solid waste has been extensively investigated as a filling in resin composites, but there are still significant challenges in expanding it from laboratory research to industrial applications. This paper systematically reviews the application of industrial, municipal, and agricultural solid wastes in resin composites, evaluates the potential of various solid wastes in industrial production, and considers the feasibility of industrial production from multiple dimensions. Furthermore, this review summarizes the mechanism of common coupling agents in the process of filler modification and their applicability to specific fillers. Finally, the impact of solid waste as a filler on the environment and economy was evaluated. Quantitative analysis confirmed that solid waste filled composites have advantages in cost-effectiveness and can significantly reduce carbon emissions. Future research should prioritize multi-source solid waste valorization strategies and functional high-performance composite development to advance resource efficiency and sustainable waste management. This review aims to provide a reference for researchers in the field of solid waste filling materials, and provide guidance for governments and research institutions to develop effective solid waste management strategies and help achieve carbon neutrality goals.