TY - JOUR
T1 - Reshaping the path of mild cognitive impairment by refining exercise prescription
T2 - a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial to understand the “what,” “for whom,” and “how” of exercise to promote cognitive function
AU - Barha, Cindy K.
AU - Falck, Ryan S.
AU - Best, John R.
AU - Nagamatsu, Lindsay S.
AU - Hsiung, Ging Yuek Robin
AU - Sheel, A. William
AU - Hsu, Chun Liang
AU - Kramer, Arthur F.
AU - Voss, Michelle W.
AU - Erickson, Kirk I.
AU - Davis, Jennifer C.
AU - Shoemaker, J. Kevin
AU - Boyd, Lara
AU - Crockett, Rachel A.
AU - ten Brinke, Lisanne
AU - Bherer, Louis
AU - Singer, Joel
AU - Galea, Liisa A.M.
AU - Jacova, Claudia
AU - Bullock, Alexis
AU - Grant, Sofia
AU - Liu-Ambrose, Teresa
N1 - Funding Information:
TLA wrote the grant applications which were funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. TLA, CKB, JRB, CLH, JCD, RAC, LTB, AB, and SG jointly drafted the protocol. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript, read, and approved the final manuscript.
Funding Information:
CKB is a Brain Canada and Alzheimer Association of USA post-doctoral fellow, RSF is a Michael Smith Health Research post-doctoral fellow, GYH was awarded the Ralph Fisher and Alzheimer Society of BC Professorship in Alzheimer Disease Research, AFK is an Emeritus Director and Professor at the University of Illinois, KIE is Mardian J. Blair Endowed Chair in Neuroscience at the Neuroscience Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, JCD is a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar and a Canada Research Chair (Tier 2) in Applied Health Economics, LB holds the Mirella and Lino Saputo research Chair in cardiovascular heath and the prevention of cognitive decline from University of Montreal at the Montreal Heart Institute, and TL-A is a Canada Research Chair (Tier 1) in Healthy Aging. The results of this trial will be presented at international conferences and published in academic journals. For future publications, authorship will be considered based on significant contributions to study conception, design, data acquisition, analyses, interpretation, and writing of the manuscript. In addition, we will communicate our findings to the general public through public talks in the community.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: Targeted exercise training is a promising strategy for promoting cognitive function and preventing dementia in older age. Despite the utility of exercise as an intervention, variation still exists in exercise-induced cognitive gains and questions remain regarding the type of training (i.e., what), as well as moderators (i.e., for whom) and mechanisms (i.e., how) of benefit. Both aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) enhance cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment; however, the vast majority of trials have focused exclusively on AT. Thus, more research is needed on RT, as well as on the combination of AT and RT, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of dementia. Therefore, we aim to conduct a 6-month, 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial in older adults with MCI to assess the individual effects of AT and RT, and the combined effect of AT and RT on cognitive function and to determine the possible underlying biological mechanisms. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen community-dwelling adults, aged 65 to 85 years, with MCI from metropolitan Vancouver will be recruited to participate in this study. Randomization will be stratified by biological sex and participants will be randomly allocated to one of the four experimental groups: (1) 4×/week balance and tone (BAT; i.e., active control); (2) combined 2×/week AT + 2×/week RT; (3) 2×/week AT + 2×/week BAT; or (4) 2×/week RT + 2×/week BAT. The primary outcome is cognitive function as measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, health-related quality of life, physical function, actigraphy measures, questionnaires, and falls. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months (i.e., trial completion), and 18 months (i.e., 12-month follow-up). Discussion: Establishing the efficacy of different types and combinations of exercise training to minimize cognitive decline will advance our ability to prescribe exercise as “medicine” to treat MCI and delay the onset and progression of dementia. This trial is extremely timely as cognitive impairment and dementia pose a growing threat to global public health. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02737878. Registered on April 14, 2016.
AB - Background: Targeted exercise training is a promising strategy for promoting cognitive function and preventing dementia in older age. Despite the utility of exercise as an intervention, variation still exists in exercise-induced cognitive gains and questions remain regarding the type of training (i.e., what), as well as moderators (i.e., for whom) and mechanisms (i.e., how) of benefit. Both aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) enhance cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment; however, the vast majority of trials have focused exclusively on AT. Thus, more research is needed on RT, as well as on the combination of AT and RT, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of dementia. Therefore, we aim to conduct a 6-month, 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial in older adults with MCI to assess the individual effects of AT and RT, and the combined effect of AT and RT on cognitive function and to determine the possible underlying biological mechanisms. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen community-dwelling adults, aged 65 to 85 years, with MCI from metropolitan Vancouver will be recruited to participate in this study. Randomization will be stratified by biological sex and participants will be randomly allocated to one of the four experimental groups: (1) 4×/week balance and tone (BAT; i.e., active control); (2) combined 2×/week AT + 2×/week RT; (3) 2×/week AT + 2×/week BAT; or (4) 2×/week RT + 2×/week BAT. The primary outcome is cognitive function as measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, health-related quality of life, physical function, actigraphy measures, questionnaires, and falls. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months (i.e., trial completion), and 18 months (i.e., 12-month follow-up). Discussion: Establishing the efficacy of different types and combinations of exercise training to minimize cognitive decline will advance our ability to prescribe exercise as “medicine” to treat MCI and delay the onset and progression of dementia. This trial is extremely timely as cognitive impairment and dementia pose a growing threat to global public health. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02737878. Registered on April 14, 2016.
KW - Aerobic training
KW - Biomarkers, Exercise
KW - Cognition
KW - Mild cognitive impairment
KW - Mobility
KW - Randomized controlled trial
KW - Resistance training
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138128984&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13063-022-06699-7
DO - 10.1186/s13063-022-06699-7
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36085237
AN - SCOPUS:85138128984
SN - 1745-6215
VL - 23
JO - Trials
JF - Trials
IS - 1
M1 - 766
ER -