Research Progress on the Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrazones and Their Derivatives

CO ₂, an abundant and renewable C1 source, presents significant potential for applications in organic synthesis. Hydrazones, recognized for their distinctive properties, exhibit high versatility in synthetic chemistry, facilitating numerous chemical transformations. Given their crucial roles in organic synthesis, the combination of CO ₂ with hydrazones has garnered increasing research interest. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in reactions involving CO ₂ and hydrazones or their derivatives. These include the coupling of amines and N-tosylhydrazones with CO ₂, the umpolung-mediated carboxylation of hydrazones/N-tosylhydrazones with CO ₂, the cyclization of hydrazones with CO ₂, and lactamization reactions incorporating N-tosylhydrazones and CO ₂. These transformations utilize the diverse reactivity of hydrazones and their derivatives to capture and convert CO ₂, generating valuable organic compounds with both academic and practical relevance. Additionally, the review examines the mechanisms underlying these reactions, offering critical insights for advancing research in this area.