Regulating the Phase and Optical Properties of Mixed-Halide Perovskites via Hot-Electron Engineering

The rapid development of mixed-halide perovskites has established a versatile optoelectronic platform owing to their extraordinary physical properties, but there remain challenges toward achieving highly reliable synthesis and performance, in addition, post-synthesis approaches for tuning their photoluminescence properties after device fabrication remain limited. In this work, an effective approach is reported to leveraging hot electrons generated from plasmonic nanostructures to regulate the optical properties of perovskites. A plasmonic metasurface composed of Au nanoparticles can effectively tailor both photoluminescence and location-specific phase segregation of mixed-halide CsPbI₂Br thin films. The ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal hot electron injection on the timescale of hundreds of femtoseconds. Photocurrent measurements confirm the hot-electron-enhanced photon-carrier conversion, and in addition, gate-voltage tuning of phase segregation is observed because of correlated carrier injection and halide migration in the perovskite films. Finally, the characteristics of the gate-modulated light emission are found to conform to a rectified linear unit function, serving as nonlinear electrical-to-optical converters in artificial neural networks. Overall, the hot electron engineering approach demonstrated in this work provides effective location-specific control of the phase and optical properties of halide perovskites, underscoring the potential of plasmonic metasurfaces for advancing perovskite technologies.