Reduced ferroelectric coercivity in multiferroic Bi0.825 Nd0.175 Fe O3 thin film

Bi0.825 Nd0.175 Fe O3 (BNFO) thin film is grown on PtTi O2 Si O2 Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition, and its multiferroic properties are compared with those of BiFe O3 (BFO) thin film. With limited Fe2+ ions and its twinborn oxygen vacancies, both samples show low dielectric losses of <0.026 at 100 Hz and high maximum ferroelectric polarizations of ∼34 μC cm2. The ferroelectric coercive field of BNFO is reduced by ∼40%, reaching a low value of 235 kVcm, compared to that of BFO due to the increased ratio of 180° and curved ferroelectric domains to total ferroelectric domains and better nucleation of the ferroelectric domains at the BNFOPt interface. The Raman scattering spectra confirm that the ferroelectric polarizations of both samples originate in the stereochemical activity of the Bi lone electron pair. Weak ferromagnetism is observed in both samples as a result of the limited amount of Fe2+ ions and γ- Fe2 O3 impurity.