Abstract
Ground based sky imaging and irradiance sensors are used to quantitatively evaluate the impact of cloud transmittance and cloud velocity on the accuracy of short-term direct normal irradiance (DNI) forecasts. Eight representative partly-cloudy days are used as an evaluation dataset. Results show that incorporating real-time sky and cloud transmittances as inputs reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) of forecasts of both the Deterministic model (Det) (16.3%~ 17.8% reduction) and the multi-layer perceptron network model (MLP) (0.8% ~ 6.2% reduction). Four computer vision methods: the particle image velocimetry method, the optical flow method, the x-correlation method and the scale-invariant feature transform method have accuracies of 83.9%, 83.5%, 79.2% and 60.9% in deriving cloud velocity, with respect to manual detection. Analysis also shows that the cloud velocity has significant impact on the accuracy of DNI forecasts: underestimating the cloud velocity magnitude by 50% results in 30.2% (Det) and 24.2% (MLP) increase of forecast RMSE; a 50% overestimate results in 7.0% (Det) and 8.4% (MLP) increase of RMSE; a ±30° deviation of cloud velocity direction increases the forecast RMSE by 6.2% (Det) and 6.6% (MLP).
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1362-1371 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Renewable Energy |
Volume | 86 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Feb 2016 |
Keywords
- Cloud velocity derivations
- Local sensing
- Sky and cloud transmittances
- Solar forecasts
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment