QoSRHMM: A QoS-aware ring-based hierarchical multi-path multicast routing protocol

We propose a QoS-aware multicast routing protocol called QoSRHMM based on a ring-based hierarchical network structure, which establishes a Ring-Tree by the principle of "ring in the same tier of the hierarchy and tree in different tiers". It forms one shortest-delay path and multiple paths with delay-constrained minimal-cost between the sender and each receiver. When establishing a connection on demand, a node joins a logical ring while satisfying some QoS constraints. Mobile hosts are served in time with multicast services even in case of handoff.