TY - JOUR
T1 - Production, fuel properties and combustion testing of an iso-olefins blendstock for modern vehicles
AU - Dagle, Vanessa Lebarbier
AU - Affandy, Martin
AU - Lopez, Johnny Saavedra
AU - Cosimbescu, Lelia
AU - Gaspar, Daniel J.
AU - Scott Goldsborough, S.
AU - Rockstroh, Toby
AU - Cheng, Song
AU - Han, Taehoon
AU - Kolodziej, Christopher P.
AU - Hoth, Alexander
AU - Majumdar, Sreshtha Sinha
AU - Pihl, Josh A.
AU - Alleman, Teresa L.
AU - Hays, Cameron
AU - McEnally, Charles S.
AU - Zhu, Junqing
AU - Pfefferle, Lisa D.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. Work at PNNL was performed under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 . Work at Argonne National Laboratory was conducted under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 . Work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was done under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 . Work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory was performed under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308 . Work at Yale University was performed under Subcontract DE-A36-08GO28308 from the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, Managing and Operating Contractor for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Funding Information:
The authors want to thank Marie Swita, Tessa Oxford, Kristen Campbell and Tracy Baker at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for their contributions. This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. Work at PNNL was performed under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was conducted under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was done under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory was performed under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308. Work at Yale University was performed under Subcontract DE-A36-08GO28308 from the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, Managing and Operating Contractor for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. government or any agency thereof. Neither the U.S. government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2022/2/15
Y1 - 2022/2/15
N2 - With the increasing pressure to decarbonize the transportation sector, exploring strategies that can reduce emissions from light-duty vehicles (LDV) has become critical. Bioblendstocks that allow for higher engine efficiency and fuel economy could complement vehicle electrification and help reach carbon neutrality by 2050. In this context, the potential of a mixture of iso-olefins as a bioblendstock was investigated for multimode boosted spark-ignition (SI)/advanced compression ignition (ACI) engine operation designed to achieve higher overall vehicle fuel economy. By establishing the relationship between the molecular structure of iso-olefins and research octane number (RON), octane sensitivity (S) (i.e., the difference between RON and motor octane number [MON]), and phi-sensitivity (i.e., the sensitivity of autoignition to the fuel-air equivalence ratio) a dimethyl-hexenes rich olefins mixture (DMHROM) was identified as a preferred blendstock for SI/ACI combustion engines. A pathway for DMHROM production from biomass-derived ethanol was developed and scaled up. More than 1 gallon of DMHROM blendstock was produced for fuel properties assessment including engine testing. Measurements in a Cooperative Fuel Research Engine showed that the DMHROM blendstock possesses a RON of 94 and S of 13.5, and blends synergistically. Rapid compression machine tests coupled with single-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine measurements demonstrated the 20 vol% DMHROM blend has higher phi-sensitivity than an olefin-free gasoline base fuel and a typical California Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (CARBOB) gasoline fuel. These results demonstrate the potential of DMHROM for improving gasoline fuel performance and quality for operation under ACI conditions. The effectiveness of the aftertreatment system in mitigating emissions was verified and showed that the pure DMHROM blendstock and 20 vol% blend would not increase non-methane organic gases, NOx, or carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The DMHROM blendstock was found to slightly decrease sooting tendency when added to a gasoline-base fuel (i.e., ∼6% reduction at 20 vol% blending level). Oxidation stability and lubricant compatibility were both confirmed for the 20 vol% blend. Overall, these results demonstrate that dimethyl-hexenes have potential for improving engine efficiency and fuel economy while meeting emissions regulations and ASTM specifications for gasoline fuel.
AB - With the increasing pressure to decarbonize the transportation sector, exploring strategies that can reduce emissions from light-duty vehicles (LDV) has become critical. Bioblendstocks that allow for higher engine efficiency and fuel economy could complement vehicle electrification and help reach carbon neutrality by 2050. In this context, the potential of a mixture of iso-olefins as a bioblendstock was investigated for multimode boosted spark-ignition (SI)/advanced compression ignition (ACI) engine operation designed to achieve higher overall vehicle fuel economy. By establishing the relationship between the molecular structure of iso-olefins and research octane number (RON), octane sensitivity (S) (i.e., the difference between RON and motor octane number [MON]), and phi-sensitivity (i.e., the sensitivity of autoignition to the fuel-air equivalence ratio) a dimethyl-hexenes rich olefins mixture (DMHROM) was identified as a preferred blendstock for SI/ACI combustion engines. A pathway for DMHROM production from biomass-derived ethanol was developed and scaled up. More than 1 gallon of DMHROM blendstock was produced for fuel properties assessment including engine testing. Measurements in a Cooperative Fuel Research Engine showed that the DMHROM blendstock possesses a RON of 94 and S of 13.5, and blends synergistically. Rapid compression machine tests coupled with single-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine measurements demonstrated the 20 vol% DMHROM blend has higher phi-sensitivity than an olefin-free gasoline base fuel and a typical California Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (CARBOB) gasoline fuel. These results demonstrate the potential of DMHROM for improving gasoline fuel performance and quality for operation under ACI conditions. The effectiveness of the aftertreatment system in mitigating emissions was verified and showed that the pure DMHROM blendstock and 20 vol% blend would not increase non-methane organic gases, NOx, or carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The DMHROM blendstock was found to slightly decrease sooting tendency when added to a gasoline-base fuel (i.e., ∼6% reduction at 20 vol% blending level). Oxidation stability and lubricant compatibility were both confirmed for the 20 vol% blend. Overall, these results demonstrate that dimethyl-hexenes have potential for improving engine efficiency and fuel economy while meeting emissions regulations and ASTM specifications for gasoline fuel.
KW - Biofuel
KW - Fuel properties
KW - Gasoline
KW - Light-duty
KW - Olefins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117775531&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122314
DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122314
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85117775531
SN - 0016-2361
VL - 310
JO - Fuel
JF - Fuel
M1 - 122314
ER -