TY - JOUR
T1 - Preparation of methacrylic acid modified microcrystalline cellulose and their applications in polylactic acid
T2 - flame retardancy, mechanical properties, thermal stability and crystallization behavior
AU - Zhu, Tao
AU - Guo, Jia
AU - Fei, Bin
AU - Feng, Zhengyu
AU - Gu, Xiaoyu
AU - Li, Hongfei
AU - Sun, Jun
AU - Zhang, Sheng
N1 - Funding Information:
The current work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51803007 and 21875015) and Hong Kong Scholars Program (XJ2018002).
Funding Information:
The current work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51803007 and 21875015) and Hong Kong Scholars Program (XJ2018002).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from bamboo powder was used as bio-based carbon source in intumescent system. Before using, MCC was modified with methacrylic acid (MA) by grafting polymerization to prepare MA-MCC, which may improve both the dispersibility and compatibility of in/with polylactic acid (PLA). MA-MCC, together with ammonium polyphosphate, was blended into PLA by melt compounding. The flame retardant properties of the composites were characterized by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimeter test. The results showed that the LOI of PLA composite sample containing 3% MA-MCC and 7% APP could reach up to 26.8% and pass V-0 rating in UL-94 test. The addition of APP and MA-MCC could also decrease the peak heat release rate from 556 kW/m2 of neat PLA to 456 kW/m2 and form a continuous, dense, homogeneous residue char to prevent PLA from further burning. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of APP and MA-MCC could enhance the thermal stability of the composites, which is also essential for the improvement of fire performance. The mechanical properties of PLA composites were also improved with the unnotched impact strength increased to 8.16 kJ/m2 and Young’s modulus increased to 1612.8 MPa. The possible mechanisms for the improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical properties had also been proposed.
AB - Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from bamboo powder was used as bio-based carbon source in intumescent system. Before using, MCC was modified with methacrylic acid (MA) by grafting polymerization to prepare MA-MCC, which may improve both the dispersibility and compatibility of in/with polylactic acid (PLA). MA-MCC, together with ammonium polyphosphate, was blended into PLA by melt compounding. The flame retardant properties of the composites were characterized by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimeter test. The results showed that the LOI of PLA composite sample containing 3% MA-MCC and 7% APP could reach up to 26.8% and pass V-0 rating in UL-94 test. The addition of APP and MA-MCC could also decrease the peak heat release rate from 556 kW/m2 of neat PLA to 456 kW/m2 and form a continuous, dense, homogeneous residue char to prevent PLA from further burning. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of APP and MA-MCC could enhance the thermal stability of the composites, which is also essential for the improvement of fire performance. The mechanical properties of PLA composites were also improved with the unnotched impact strength increased to 8.16 kJ/m2 and Young’s modulus increased to 1612.8 MPa. The possible mechanisms for the improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical properties had also been proposed.
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Microcrystalline cellulose
KW - Polylactic acid
KW - Toughness
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076904979&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10570-019-02931-x
DO - 10.1007/s10570-019-02931-x
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85076904979
SN - 0969-0239
VL - 27
SP - 2309
EP - 2323
JO - Cellulose
JF - Cellulose
IS - 4
ER -