TY - JOUR
T1 - Prenatal immune challenge is an environmental risk factor for brain and behavior change relevant to schizophrenia
T2 - Evidence from MRI in a mouse model
AU - Li, Qi
AU - Cheung, Charlton
AU - Wei, Ran
AU - Hui, Edward S.
AU - Feldon, Joram
AU - Meyer, Urs
AU - Chung, Sookja
AU - Chua, Siew E.
AU - Sham, Pak C.
AU - Wu, Ed X.
AU - McAlonan, Grainne M.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2009/7/24
Y1 - 2009/7/24
N2 - Objectives: Maternal infection during pregnancy increases risk of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism, in the offspring. The most consistent brain structural abnormality in patients with schizophrenia is enlarged lateral ventricles. However, it is unknown whether the aetiology of ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia involves prenatal infectious processes. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between prenatal immune challenge and emergence of ventricular abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in adulthood. Method: We used an established mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) by the viral mimic Polyl:C administered in early (day 9) or late (day 17) gestation. Automated voxel-based morphometry mapped cerebrospinal fluid across the whole brain of adult offspring and the results were validated by manual region-of-interest tracing of the lateral ventricles. Parallel behavioral testing determined the existence of schizophrenia-related sensorimotor gating abnormalities. Results: Polyl:C-induced immune activation, in early but not late gestation, caused marked enlargement of lateral ventricles in adulthood, without affecting total white and grey matter volumes. This early exposure disrupted sensorimotor gating, in the form of prepulse inhibition. Identical immune challenge in late gestation resulted in significant expansion of 4th ventricle volume but did not disrupt sensorimotor gating. Conclusions: Our results provide the first experimental evidence that prenatal immune activation is an environmental risk factor for adult ventricular enlargement relevant to schizophrenia. The data indicate immune-associated environmental insults targeting early foetal development may have more extensive neurodevelopmental impact than identical insults in late prenatal life.
AB - Objectives: Maternal infection during pregnancy increases risk of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism, in the offspring. The most consistent brain structural abnormality in patients with schizophrenia is enlarged lateral ventricles. However, it is unknown whether the aetiology of ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia involves prenatal infectious processes. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between prenatal immune challenge and emergence of ventricular abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in adulthood. Method: We used an established mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) by the viral mimic Polyl:C administered in early (day 9) or late (day 17) gestation. Automated voxel-based morphometry mapped cerebrospinal fluid across the whole brain of adult offspring and the results were validated by manual region-of-interest tracing of the lateral ventricles. Parallel behavioral testing determined the existence of schizophrenia-related sensorimotor gating abnormalities. Results: Polyl:C-induced immune activation, in early but not late gestation, caused marked enlargement of lateral ventricles in adulthood, without affecting total white and grey matter volumes. This early exposure disrupted sensorimotor gating, in the form of prepulse inhibition. Identical immune challenge in late gestation resulted in significant expansion of 4th ventricle volume but did not disrupt sensorimotor gating. Conclusions: Our results provide the first experimental evidence that prenatal immune activation is an environmental risk factor for adult ventricular enlargement relevant to schizophrenia. The data indicate immune-associated environmental insults targeting early foetal development may have more extensive neurodevelopmental impact than identical insults in late prenatal life.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67749147581&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0006354
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0006354
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 19629183
AN - SCOPUS:67749147581
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 4
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 7
M1 - e6354
ER -