Power generation density boost of bifacial tandem solar cells revealed by high throughput optoelectrical modelling

The advancement of tandem and bifacial solar cells is an effective strategy for boosting the power conversion efficiency over the state-of-the-art single-junction limit. In this study, a high-throughput optoelectrical modelling approach is developed, which allows for the exploration of hundreds of thousands of combinations of thicknesses and bandgaps of active layers for both two-terminal and four-terminal bifacial tandem solar cells under varying lighting conditions, reveals the distribution of the hidden parameters and provides more accurate predictions of power generation density potential. Specifically, for two-terminal configurations, introduction of a low-bandgap perovskite (approximately 1.44 eV) is highly needed, for achieving a 13.44% increase in the power output at 30% albedo compared to monofacial configurations. Additionally, the power output of four-terminal configurations can achieve a power generation density exceeding 495 W m⁻² when albedo reaches 80%. This study suggests the economic feasibility of bifacial tandem solar cells as a very promising technology for the photovoltaic market.