Polymers for organic electronics

Scientists have found π-conjugated polymers as an exciting area of scientific research in organic electronics and photonics and the development has gone through several evolutional stages. They can exhibit an array of useful materials properties, such as light emission, luminescent sensing, ferromagnetism, photoconductivity and photovoltaic effect, and more. Bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) made from bicontinuous polymer-fullerene donor-acceptor composites at the nanometer length scale are currently the main configuration for highly efficient PSCs. The BHJs are typically fabricated by sandwiching a thin film of photoactive polymers between two electrodes. Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (PLEDs) are devices composed of thin films containing polymer molecules that directly convert electricity into light. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have become one of the most important components of organic electronics and are key building blocks in the context of large-area, flexible and ultralow-cost electronics.