TY - JOUR
T1 - Performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of catalyst-based degradation—A case study of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)
AU - He, Mingjing
AU - Wan, Zhonghao
AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.
AU - Sun, Yuqing
AU - Khan, Eakalak
AU - Hou, Deyi
AU - Graham, Nigel J.D.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors appreciate the financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council ( E-PolyU503/17 ) and PolyU Project of Strategic Importance .
Funding Information:
The authors appreciate the financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (E-PolyU503/17) and PolyU Project of Strategic Importance.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/1/15
Y1 - 2021/1/15
N2 - Considerable efforts have been made to develop effective and sustainable catalysts, e.g., carbon-/biochar-based catalyst, for the decontamination of organic pollutants in water/wastewater. Most of the published studies evaluated the catalytic performance mainly upon degradation efficiency of parent compounds; however, comprehensive and field-relevant performance assessment is still in need. This review critically analysed the performance indicators for carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation from the perspectives of: (1) degradation of parent compounds, i.e., concentrations, kinetics, reactive oxidative species (ROS) analysis, and residual oxidant concentration; (2) formation of intermediates and by-products, i.e., intermediates analysis, evolution of inorganic ions, and total organic carbon (TOC); and (3) impact assessment of treated samples, i.e., toxicity evolution, disinfection effect, and biodegradability test. Five most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and acetaminophen) were selected as a case study to articulate the performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation. This review also encourages the development of alternative performance indicators to facilitate the rational design of catalysts in future studies.
AB - Considerable efforts have been made to develop effective and sustainable catalysts, e.g., carbon-/biochar-based catalyst, for the decontamination of organic pollutants in water/wastewater. Most of the published studies evaluated the catalytic performance mainly upon degradation efficiency of parent compounds; however, comprehensive and field-relevant performance assessment is still in need. This review critically analysed the performance indicators for carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation from the perspectives of: (1) degradation of parent compounds, i.e., concentrations, kinetics, reactive oxidative species (ROS) analysis, and residual oxidant concentration; (2) formation of intermediates and by-products, i.e., intermediates analysis, evolution of inorganic ions, and total organic carbon (TOC); and (3) impact assessment of treated samples, i.e., toxicity evolution, disinfection effect, and biodegradability test. Five most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and acetaminophen) were selected as a case study to articulate the performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation. This review also encourages the development of alternative performance indicators to facilitate the rational design of catalysts in future studies.
KW - Biochar catalyst
KW - Catalytic degradation
KW - Degradation evaluation
KW - Heterogeneous catalysis
KW - Sustainable wastewater treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087996207&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123460
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123460
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85087996207
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 402
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
M1 - 123460
ER -