Optimal scheduling for electric vehicle charging: A review of methods, technologies, and uncertainty management

As the world moves towards carbon neutrality, electric vehicles (EVs) are recognized as a powerful way to lower greenhouse gas emissions from both the transportation and energy sectors. With the rapid growth of EVs, existing charging infrastructure and power systems are facing severe challenges, which brings about the necessity of optimal scheduling of EV charging. This review thoroughly surveys the literature on EV charging scheduling over the past five years, covering various charging methods and major coordinated control structures. In practice, real-time EV charging scheduling is challenged by random and uncertain information from various sources. Therefore, state-of-the-art optimization techniques are introduced based on different degrees of uncertainty in future knowledge. Moreover, the latest enabling and auxiliary technologies to promote advanced EV charging scheduling are also explored. Finally, the research challenges and prospects are revealed from the perspectives of technology, economy, policy, regulation, and society.