@article{cb07453890dc49e088adebd9d315e029,
title = "On the Improvement of Mass Load Inversion With GNSS Horizontal Deformation: A Synthetic Study in Central China",
abstract = "We carry out synthetic experiments of mass load inversion using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical and horizontal displacements in Central China. Using two synthetic mass load models from a checkerboard mass distribution and a more realistic distribution derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations, the inverted mass changes are determined based on the load theory and then compared with the known mass-change inputs. We find that the combination of horizontal displacements with the commonly used vertical displacements significantly improves the inversion results when the number of sites is larger than one third of the number of total grids with relatively uniform distribution over the region. Synthetic tests demonstrate that data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, including the total number of GNSS sites, spatial distribution, and precision, are sufficient to infer the annual amplitudes of mass changes in the region with comparable spatial resolution as that of GRACE observations. For the current precision level of the GNSS surface displacements (3.0 mm in the vertical and 1.0 mm in the horizontal components), including horizontal displacements leads to ∼10\% improvement in mass inversion, compared to using vertical displacements only. With a higher precision level of 0.50 and 0.17 mm (for vertical and horizontal components, respectively), an improvement of ∼20\% can be achieved.",
keywords = "GNSS, GRACE, horizontal displacements, load deformation, mass load inversion",
author = "Wang, \{Song Yun\} and Jin Li and Jianli Chen and Hu, \{Xiao Gong\}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the editor Paul Tregoning and two anonymous reviewers for their insight and constructive comments to significantly improve the manuscript. The research leading to these results received funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant Agreement Nos. 19ZR1466900 and 20ZR1467400, and the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Agreement Nos. 12003057 and 11873075. This study was supported by the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques. The authors S.Y.W., J.L. and X.G.H. are grateful to the membership of Laboratory of Astronomy and Space Technology Applications at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work made use of the High Performance Computing Resource in the Core Facility for Advanced Research Computing at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding Information: We thank the editor Paul Tregoning and two anonymous reviewers for their insight and constructive comments to significantly improve the manuscript. The research leading to these results received funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant Agreement Nos. 19ZR1466900 and 20ZR1467400, and the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Agreement Nos. 12003057 and 11873075. This study was supported by the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques. The authors S.Y.W., J.L. and X.G.H. are grateful to the membership of Laboratory of Astronomy and Space Technology Applications at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work made use of the High Performance Computing Resource in the Core Facility for Advanced Research Computing at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Authors.",
year = "2022",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1029/2021JB023696",
language = "English",
volume = "127",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth",
issn = "2169-9313",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "10",
}