@article{d8dec2f96d1d4276af7ba64426fbddfe,
title = "Observation of New Properties of Secondary Cosmic Rays Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station",
abstract = "We report on the observation of new properties of secondary cosmic rays Li, Be, and B measured in the rigidity (momentum per unit charge) range 1.9 GV to 3.3 TV with a total of 5.4×106 nuclei collected by AMS during the first five years of operation aboard the International Space Station. The Li and B fluxes have an identical rigidity dependence above 7 GV and all three fluxes have an identical rigidity dependence above 30 GV with the Li/Be flux ratio of 2.0±0.1. The three fluxes deviate from a single power law above 200 GV in an identical way. This behavior of secondary cosmic rays has also been observed in the AMS measurement of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O but the rigidity dependences of primary cosmic rays and of secondary cosmic rays are distinctly different. In particular, above 200 GV, the secondary cosmic rays harden more than the primary cosmic rays.",
author = "{(AMS Collaboration)} and M. Aguilar and {Ali Cavasonza}, L. and G. Ambrosi and L. Arruda and N. Attig and S. Aupetit and P. Azzarello and A. Bachlechner and F. Barao and A. Barrau and L. Barrin and A. Bartoloni and L. Basara and {Ba{\c s}eǧmez-Du Pree}, S. and M. Battarbee and R. Battiston and U. Becker and M. Behlmann and B. Beischer and J. Berdugo and B. Bertucci and Bindel, {K. F.} and V. Bindi and {De Boer}, W. and K. Bollweg and V. Bonnivard and B. Borgia and Boschini, {M. J.} and M. Bourquin and Bueno, {E. F.} and Burger, {W. J.} and Burger, {W. J.} and F. Cadoux and Cai, {X. D.} and M. Capell and S. Caroff and J. Casaus and G. Castellini and F. Cervelli and Chae, {M. J.} and Chang, {Y. H.} and Chen, {A. I.} and Chen, {G. M.} and Chen, {H. S.} and L. Cheng and Chou, {H. Y.} and E. Choumilov and V. Choutko and Chung, {C. H.} and C. Clark and Liqiu Wang",
note = "Funding Information: laboratory and his decision for NASA to fly AMS as a DOE payload. We also acknowledge the continuous support of the NASA leadership including Charles Bolden and William H. Gerstenmaier and of the JSC and Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) flight control teams which has allowed AMS to operate optimally on the ISS for over six years. We are grateful for the support of Jim Siegrist and his staff of the DOE including resources from the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also acknowledge the continuous support from MIT and its School of Science, Michael Sipser, Marc Kastner, Ernest Moniz, Richard Milner, and Boleslaw Wyslouch. Research supported by S{\~a}o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2014/19149-7, No. 2015/50378-5, and No. 2016/ 10222-9, Brazil; CAS, NSFC, MOST, the provincial governments of Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and the China Scholarship Council, China; Action H2020 MSCA-IF-2015 under Grant No. 707543-MAtISSE, European Union; the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (Tekes) Grants No. 40361/01 and No. 40518/03 and the Academy of Finland Grant No. 258963, Finland; CNRS/IN2P3, CNES, Enigmass, and the ANR, France; Pascale Ehrenfreund, DLR under Grant No. 50OO1403 and JARA-HPC under Project No. JARA0052, Germany; INFN and ASI under ASI-INFN Agreements No. 2013-002-R.0 and No. 2014-037-R.0, Italy; CHEP and NRF under Grants No. NRF-2009-0080142 and No. NRF-2012-010226 at Kyungpook National University and No. NRF-2013-004883 at Ewha Womans University, Korea; the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog{\'i}a and UNAM, Mexico; FCT under Grant No. PTDC/FIS/122567/2010, Portugal; CIEMAT, IAC, CDTI, and SEIDI-MINECO under Grants No. ESP2015-71662-C2-(1-P/2-P), No. SEV-2015-0548, No. MDM-2015-0509, and No. RyC-2013-14660, Spain; the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), federal and cantonal authorities, Switzerland; Academia Sinica and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) under Grants No. 103-2112-M-006-018-MY3, No. 105-2112-M-001-003, and No. CDA-105-M06, former Presidents of Academia Sinica Yuan-Tseh Lee and Chi-Huey Wong and former Ministers of MOST Maw-Kuen Wu and Luo-Chuan Lee, Taiwan; the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority under Grant No. 2017TEAK(CERN)A5.H6.F2-15, Turkey; and NSF Grants No. 14255202 and No. 1551980, Wyle Laboratories Grant No. 2014/T72497, and NASA NESSF Grant No. HELIO15F-0005, USA. We gratefully acknowledge the strong support from CERN including Rolf-Dieter Heuer, Fabiola Gianotti, and the CERN IT department including Bernd Panzer-Steindel, and from the European Space Agency including Johann-Dietrich W{\"o}rner and Simonetta Di Pippo. We are grateful for important physics discussions with Fiorenza Donato, Jonathan Ellis, Jonathan Feng, Igor Moskalenko, Michael Salamon, Subir Sarkar, Joachim Tr{\"u}mper, Michael S. Turner, and Steven Weinberg. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the »https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/» Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.021101",
language = "English",
volume = "120",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "2",
}