TY - JOUR
T1 - Numerical study on the dynamics of primary cilium in pulsatile flows by the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method
AU - Cui, Jingyu
AU - Liu, Yang
AU - Fu, Bingmei M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Support to J.Y. Cui by PolyU RKC1 and supports given by PolyU G-UACM and G-YBG9 are gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - An explicit immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method is applied to numerically investigate the dynamics of primary cilium in pulsatile blood flows with two-way fluid–structure interaction considered. To well characterize the effect of cilium basal body on cilium dynamics, the cilium base is modeled as a nonlinear rotational spring attached to the cilium’s basal end as proposed by Resnick (Biophys J 109:18–25, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.031). After several careful validations, the fluid–cilium interaction system is investigated in detail at various pulsatile flow conditions that are characterized by peak Reynolds numbers (Repeak) and Womersley numbers (Wo). The periodic flapping of primary cilium observed in our simulations is very similar to the in vivo ciliary oscillation captured by O’Connor et al. (Cilia 2:8, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-2530-2-8). The cilium’s dynamics is found to be closely related to the Repeak and Wo. Increase the Repeak or decrease the Wo bring to an increase in the cilium’s flapping amplitude, tip angular speed, basal rotation, and maximum tensile stress. It is also demonstrated that by reducing the Repeak or enhancing the Wo to a certain level, one can shift the flapping pattern of cilium from its original two-side one to a one-side one, making the stretch only happen on one particular side. During the flapping process, the location of the maximum tensile stress is not always found at the basal region; instead, it is able to propagate from time to time within a certain distance to the base. Due to the obstruction of the primary cilium, the distribution of wall shear stress no longer remains uniform as in the absence of cilia. It oscillates in space with the minimum magnitude which is always found near where the cilium is located. The presence of cilium also reduces the overall level of wall shear stress, especially at the region near the cilium’s anchor point.
AB - An explicit immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method is applied to numerically investigate the dynamics of primary cilium in pulsatile blood flows with two-way fluid–structure interaction considered. To well characterize the effect of cilium basal body on cilium dynamics, the cilium base is modeled as a nonlinear rotational spring attached to the cilium’s basal end as proposed by Resnick (Biophys J 109:18–25, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.031). After several careful validations, the fluid–cilium interaction system is investigated in detail at various pulsatile flow conditions that are characterized by peak Reynolds numbers (Repeak) and Womersley numbers (Wo). The periodic flapping of primary cilium observed in our simulations is very similar to the in vivo ciliary oscillation captured by O’Connor et al. (Cilia 2:8, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-2530-2-8). The cilium’s dynamics is found to be closely related to the Repeak and Wo. Increase the Repeak or decrease the Wo bring to an increase in the cilium’s flapping amplitude, tip angular speed, basal rotation, and maximum tensile stress. It is also demonstrated that by reducing the Repeak or enhancing the Wo to a certain level, one can shift the flapping pattern of cilium from its original two-side one to a one-side one, making the stretch only happen on one particular side. During the flapping process, the location of the maximum tensile stress is not always found at the basal region; instead, it is able to propagate from time to time within a certain distance to the base. Due to the obstruction of the primary cilium, the distribution of wall shear stress no longer remains uniform as in the absence of cilia. It oscillates in space with the minimum magnitude which is always found near where the cilium is located. The presence of cilium also reduces the overall level of wall shear stress, especially at the region near the cilium’s anchor point.
KW - Fluid–structure interaction
KW - Immersed boundary
KW - Lattice Boltzmann method
KW - Primary cilium
KW - Pulsatile flow
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068225088&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10237-019-01192-8
DO - 10.1007/s10237-019-01192-8
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31256275
AN - SCOPUS:85068225088
SN - 1617-7959
VL - 19
SP - 21
EP - 35
JO - Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
JF - Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
IS - 1
ER -