Multiple layer digital wayfinding information: A study of user preferences for information content and design in wayfinding applications

Wayfinding applications on mobile devices are gradually becoming efficient in delivering environmental information. These applications provide a variety of wayfinding information such as location, orientation, route planning, spatial layout and provided facilities. The information is presented in multiple layers which requires a thoughtful design to effectively deliver the information, especially in complex environments. The objective of the present study is to explore the user preferences for information content and design in wayfinding applications. A wayfinding experiment has been conducted in a complex university setting by using the wayfinding application with a multi-layered information design. Thirty-one participants performed four wayfinding tasks using the purpose-built wayfinding application. Data has been collected by mobile screen recording, pre- and post-experiment interviews. Significant behavioural patterns have been observed for accessing the information content and user preferences have also been explored for the information design. Accurate location pointer, written directions and five to six-layered information design have been preferred for mobile wayfinding information. Information for validation in the real environment has been a significant factor during wayfinding tasks. Significant gender differences have also been recorded. A synthesis of wayfinding information from digital and real-world sources has been suggested to improve the existing wayfinding systems in complex institutional environments.