Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the shape change of breast during movement to inform product development of bras and other female wearable products. Design/methodology/approach: Using the latest 4D body scanning technology, the authors monitored the change of seven non-circumferential breast measurements, including four linear measurements (widths, depth, etc.) and three angular measurements, across nine dynamic scans of a complete gait cycle during running. A series of statistical analysis were conducted to thoroughly investigate the measurement values in dynamic states compared with values extracted from static 3D scans. Findings: Major findings are as follows: (1) For width-underbust, chest-depth, vertical-acromion and angle ABD, more than half of the dynamic frames presents a significant difference with the static frame. (2) Width-underbust and chest-depth measured in static can underestimate the actual values under motion. (3) vertical-acromion presents a W-shaped general trend for the nine dynamic frames with peaks observed at the keyframes (i.e. when a participant's right or left knee bends the most and rises to its highest level) and lows at the intermediate frames. (4) Angle ABD and angle BAD both present an M-shaped general trend, the exact opposite of a W-shaped trend. Originality/value: While 3D body scanning and motion capture systems have both contributed significantly to the study of breast, 4D body scanning incorporates the advantages of both technologies and captures the 3D surface of the body during movement at each instant moment. This is one of the first studies that adopt the new technology for apparel applications.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 724-743 |
Number of pages | 20 |
Journal | International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology |
Volume | 33 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 23 Nov 2021 |
Keywords
- 4D body scanning
- Breast measurements
- Dynamic breast shape
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous)
- Materials Science (miscellaneous)
- General Business,Management and Accounting
- Polymers and Plastics