Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety: Magnetic Field–Related Hazards and Safety Measures

Providing excellent soft tissue contrast as well as functional and metabolic information, combined with non-ionising radiation exposure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become widely used as a powerful diagnostic tool. With technological advances, MRI systems have evolved to include stronger static magnetic fields, faster and more powerful gradient magnetic fields, and enhanced radiofrequency transmission coils. These stronger MRI systems have the potential to introduce additional safety risks within the magnetic resonance (MR) scanner room, even as they deliver improved efficiency and increased image quality. On the other hand, MRI technology has rapidly expanded into additional areas in recent years. For example, MRI is now incorporated into radiation therapy practice, as well as interventional and intraoperative hybrid suites. With the significant expansion and rapid development of the technology, the associated complexity and increase in MRI safety issues should be extensively studied. It is important to make great efforts to maintain and improve safety in the MR environment. This article aims to provide an overview, from basic science explaining these potential risks to practical aspects of risk management, and to increase awareness of the unique safety challenges inherent in the MR environment.