Logical location-based routing with hole-shadowing in large-scale MANETs

The Virtual Dynamic Backbone (VDB) is proposed in the infrastructure-less Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) to seek for similar capabilities of the high speed and broadband backbone in the Internet. In this paper, we propose a logical mesh-based VDB model, which is a highly stable hierarchy of mobile nodes with multi-level radios for wireless transmissions. Based on the proposed model, a logical-location-based routing algorithm combining topology-based routing and location-based routing is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses a novel hole-shadowing-based forwarding strategy in order to avoid holes in the network. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the well-known routing algorithm called GPSR in terms of tolerating the location inaccuracy and communication complexity, with a little larger cost of control complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves short routing delay, which is a prerequisite to achieve the scalability.