Load Transfer Optimization Considering Hot-Spot and Top-Oil Temperature Limits of Transformers

This paper proposes a load transfer optimization (LTO) model involving hot-spot temperature (HST) and top-oil temperature (TOT) limits of transformers. This work aims to address the overload problem and transformer HST and TOT excursions via LTO. First, the equivalent thermal model for the HST and TOT of transformers under external cooling conditions are discussed, and then the corresponding linearized HST and TOT constraints with varied thermal resistances are derived using the discretization method. Moreover, the proposed LTO model is formulated on the reconfigurable topology of high voltage distribution networks (HVDNs) in China. This proposed LTO model can achieve the optimal network reconfiguration scheme subject to temperature limits and system operation constraints, with the least switching operation cost and the maximum margins of reactive power exchange between HVDNs and transmission systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed LTO model is validated by the modified IEEE-14 node system and the practical HVDNs in China.