Laughter and language attitudes in students’ discussions about language use in Nigeria

The role of laughter in evaluating language use has received little attention in language attitude research and laughter studies. In this paper, which draws on focus group discussions involving 132 Nigerian university students, we analyse how students use laughter to perform social actions in evaluating language use in Nigeria. The analysis shows that participants use laughter to deride the outgroup, reinforce ingroup coherence, mark their own or others' linguistic inferiority, and mitigate self-face-threatening linguistic behaviour. We argue that a comprehensive theory of laughter should include the functions of laughter: especially how people use it to ‘do things’ in discourse. The implications of the findings vis-à-vis language attitude research are discussed.