Knee joint models for kneeling biomechanics

Kneeling is a common movement required for both occupational and cultural reasons and has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of knee disorders. Since excessive stress is considered to be a possible aggressor, it is important to determine the mechanical features of this posture. Models of the knee joint can provide this information, particularly the stress distribution within the inner region, which is very difficult to measure through experimental approaches. In this chapter, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the human knee joint in a kneeling position, flexed through 90 degrees, was developed from magnetic resonance images. The bones, cartilages, and ligaments were incorporated into the model, with relevant interaction between cartilage, ligaments, and bone.