Investigation of real-fluid effects on NH₃ oxidation and blending characteristics at supercritical conditions via high-order Virial equation of state coupled with ab initio intermolecular potentials

Significant efforts have been committed to understanding the fundamental combustion chemistry of ammonia at high-pressure and low-temperature conditions with or without blending with other fuels, as these are promising to improve ammonia combustion performance and reduce NOx emission. A commonly used fundamental reactor is the jet-stirred reactor (JSR). However, modeling of high-pressure JSR experiments has been conducted assuming complete ideal gas behaviors, which might lead to misinterpreted or completely wrong results. Therefore, this study proposes, for the first time, a novel framework coupling high-order Virial equation of state, ab initio multi-body intermolecular potential, and real-fluid governing equations. The framework is further applied to investigate NH₃ oxidation under supercritical conditions in jet-stirred reactors, where the real-fluid effects on NH₃ oxidation characteristics are quantified and compared, via simulated species profiles and relative changes in simulated mole fractions at various temperatures, pressures, diluents, dilution ratios, equivalence ratios, and with or without blending with H₂ and CH₄. Strong promoting effects on NH₃ oxidation from real-fluid effects are revealed, with significant shifts in simulated species profiles observed for both fuel, intermediates, and product species. Sensitivity analyses are also conducted based on the new framework, with diverse influences of real-fluid effects on the contributions of the most sensitive pathways highlighted. It is found that, without considering real-fluid behaviors, the error introduced in simulated species mole fractions can reach ±85 % at the conditions investigated in this study. Propagation of such levels of error to chemical kinetic mechanisms can disqualify them for any meaningful modeling work. These errors can now be excluded using the framework developed in this study.