Investigating differences in antecedents to value between first-time and repeat festival-goers

This study aimed to capture the underlying quality dimensions (value antecedents) that distinguish between first-timers and repeaters and that cultivate festival loyalty. Structural relationships were analyzed across the quality dimensions, value, and loyalty for first-time and repeat visitors. Structural equation modeling revealed that program and convenient facilities alone were antecedents to value for repeaters, whereas food and souvenir, as well as program and convenient facilities, were value antecedents for first-timers. Specifically, repeat visitors showed stronger relationships on program value and convenient facility value than did first-time visitors. On the other hand, first-time visitors associated more strongly with relationships on food value and souvenir value than did repeat visitors. This distinction resulted in a stronger value-loyalty relationship for repeat visitors than for first-time visitors. These findings contribute to the understanding of festival-attendee behavior and thus, provide researchers and practitioners with insights into how to design a festival in such a way that promotes repeat visitors.