Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of disability. The degeneration is inevitable, and the mechanisms are complex. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on the relief of symptoms, not the intrinsic regeneration of the intervertebral disk (IVD). Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for IVDD due to its ability to restore a healthy microenvironment and promote IVD regeneration. This review briefly summarizes the IVD anatomy and composition and then sets out elements of the microenvironment and the interactions. We rationalized different scaffolds based on tissue engineering strategies used recently. To fulfill the complete restoration of a healthy IVD microenvironment, we propose that various tissue engineering strategies should be combined and customized to create personalized therapeutic strategies for each individual.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 592118 |
Journal | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
Volume | 9 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 20 Jul 2021 |
Keywords
- disk herniation
- intervertebral disk degeneration
- low back pain
- microenvironment
- regeneration
- scaffold
- tissue engineering
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biotechnology
- Bioengineering
- Histology
- Biomedical Engineering