Human-Computer Interaction and Artificial Intelligence for Ageing Population

As the global population ages rapidly, the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) is in urgent need of innovation, redesign, and reengineering to meet the evolving needs of older adults. The older demographic faces a range of challenges—including physical limitations, cognitive decline, reduced social integration, and varying levels of technological literacy—that can hinder effective engagement with digital technologies. In response to these challenges, researchers and designers are using inclusive and adaptive approaches to enhance accessibility, usability, and emotional well-being. This paper reviews key design principles in HCI for the ageing population and discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as voice assistants, social robots, and cognitive training platforms, can enhance autonomy, support daily living, and foster social connectivity among older adults. Drawing on recent empirical studies and case examples, we highlight both the opportunities and limitations of current AI-driven interventions. This research identifies critical research gaps related to long-term engagement, ethical concerns, and personalization. This paper also proposes future research directions that emphasize user-centered design, cross-generational collaboration, and responsible innovation. By reimagining HCI with the ageing population in mind, this paper contributes to the development of technologies that promote dignity, independence, and quality of life for older adults.