Highly Durable Inverted Inorganic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Multifunctional Additives

Inverted perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (P/O TSCs) suffer from poor long-term device stability due to halide segregation in organic–inorganic hybrid wide-band gap (WBG) perovskites, which hinders their practical deployment. Therefore, developing all-inorganic WBG perovskites for incorporation into P/O TSCs is a promising strategy because of their superior stability under continuous illumination. However, these inorganic WBG perovskites also face some critical issues, including rapid crystallization, phase instability, and large energy loss, etc. To tackle these issues, two multifunctional additives based on 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQS) are developed to regulate the perovskite crystallization by mediating the intermediate phases and suppress the halide segregation through the redox-shuttle effect. By coupling with organic cations having the desirable functional groups and dipole moments, these additives can effectively passivate the defects and adjust the alignment of interface energy levels. Consequently, a record V_oc approaching 1.3 V with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.59 % could be achieved in a 1.78 eV band gap single-junction inverted all-inorganic PSC. More importantly, the P/O TSC derived from this cell demonstrates a T₉₀ lifetime of 1000 h under continuous operation, presenting the most stable P/O TSCs reported so far.