Global Carbon Management: Current Status and Future Trends

Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have triggered a steady rise in global surface temperatures and climate change, making effective carbon management an urgent global task. This paper proposes a comprehensive review of international and national emissions governance frameworks and worldwide standards. Building on these standards, the mainstream accounting methods for direct and indirect emissions are thoroughly examined. Utilizing these accounting results, our work further explores emission allowance and carbon offset credit verification approaches. Subsequently, worldwide compliance and voluntary emission trading markets are summarized and compared. The paper concludes by highlighting the challenges and perspectives for achieving more effective global carbon management, with a particular emphasis on the significant potential of AI methods applied to carbon big data for advancing carbon management strategies.