Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: A review

Xiuxiu Ruan; Yuqing Sun; Weimeng Du; Yuyuan Tang; Qiang Liu; Zhanying Zhang; William Doherty; Ray L. Frost; Guangren Qian; Daniel C.W. Tsang

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.105

Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: A review

Xiuxiu Ruan, Yuqing Sun, Weimeng Du, Yuyuan Tang, Qiang Liu, Zhanying Zhang, William Doherty, Ray L. Frost, Guangren Qian, Daniel C.W. Tsang

Research output: Journal article publication › Review article › Academic research › peer-review

183 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Due to abundant biomass and eco-friendliness, biochar is exemplified as one of the most promising candidates to mediate the degradation of environmental contaminants. Recently, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been detected in biochars, which can activate S ₂ O ₈ ²⁻ or H ₂ O ₂ to generate reactive oxygen species for effective degradation of organic and inorganic contaminants. Comprehending the formation mechanisms of EPFRs in biochars and their interactions with contaminants is indispensable to further develop their environmental applications, e.g., direct and indirect EPFR-mediated removal of organics/inorganics by biochars. With reference to the information of EPFRs in environmental matrices, this article critically reviews the formation mechanisms, characteristics, interactions, and environmental applications of EPFRs in biochars. Synthesis conditions and loading of metals/organics are considered as key parameters controlling their concentrations, types, and activities. This review provides new and important insights into the fate and emerging applications of surface-bound EPFRs in biochars.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	457-468
Number of pages	12
Journal	Bioresource Technology
Volume	281
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.105
Publication status	Published - Jun 2019

Keywords

Contaminant degradation
Engineered biochar
Green/sustainable remediation
Stabilized radicals
Waste valorization/recycling

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Bioengineering
Environmental Engineering
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Waste Management and Disposal

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.105

Cite this

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title = "Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: A review",

abstract = " Due to abundant biomass and eco-friendliness, biochar is exemplified as one of the most promising candidates to mediate the degradation of environmental contaminants. Recently, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been detected in biochars, which can activate S 2 O 8 2− or H 2 O 2 to generate reactive oxygen species for effective degradation of organic and inorganic contaminants. Comprehending the formation mechanisms of EPFRs in biochars and their interactions with contaminants is indispensable to further develop their environmental applications, e.g., direct and indirect EPFR-mediated removal of organics/inorganics by biochars. With reference to the information of EPFRs in environmental matrices, this article critically reviews the formation mechanisms, characteristics, interactions, and environmental applications of EPFRs in biochars. Synthesis conditions and loading of metals/organics are considered as key parameters controlling their concentrations, types, and activities. This review provides new and important insights into the fate and emerging applications of surface-bound EPFRs in biochars. ",

keywords = "Contaminant degradation, Engineered biochar, Green/sustainable remediation, Stabilized radicals, Waste valorization/recycling",

author = "Xiuxiu Ruan and Yuqing Sun and Weimeng Du and Yuyuan Tang and Qiang Liu and Zhanying Zhang and William Doherty and Frost, {Ray L.} and Guangren Qian and Tsang, {Daniel C.W.}",

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AU - Ruan, Xiuxiu

AU - Sun, Yuqing

AU - Du, Weimeng

AU - Tang, Yuyuan

AU - Liu, Qiang

AU - Zhang, Zhanying

AU - Doherty, William

AU - Frost, Ray L.

AU - Qian, Guangren

AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.

PY - 2019/6

Y1 - 2019/6

N2 - Due to abundant biomass and eco-friendliness, biochar is exemplified as one of the most promising candidates to mediate the degradation of environmental contaminants. Recently, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been detected in biochars, which can activate S 2 O 8 2− or H 2 O 2 to generate reactive oxygen species for effective degradation of organic and inorganic contaminants. Comprehending the formation mechanisms of EPFRs in biochars and their interactions with contaminants is indispensable to further develop their environmental applications, e.g., direct and indirect EPFR-mediated removal of organics/inorganics by biochars. With reference to the information of EPFRs in environmental matrices, this article critically reviews the formation mechanisms, characteristics, interactions, and environmental applications of EPFRs in biochars. Synthesis conditions and loading of metals/organics are considered as key parameters controlling their concentrations, types, and activities. This review provides new and important insights into the fate and emerging applications of surface-bound EPFRs in biochars.

AB - Due to abundant biomass and eco-friendliness, biochar is exemplified as one of the most promising candidates to mediate the degradation of environmental contaminants. Recently, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been detected in biochars, which can activate S 2 O 8 2− or H 2 O 2 to generate reactive oxygen species for effective degradation of organic and inorganic contaminants. Comprehending the formation mechanisms of EPFRs in biochars and their interactions with contaminants is indispensable to further develop their environmental applications, e.g., direct and indirect EPFR-mediated removal of organics/inorganics by biochars. With reference to the information of EPFRs in environmental matrices, this article critically reviews the formation mechanisms, characteristics, interactions, and environmental applications of EPFRs in biochars. Synthesis conditions and loading of metals/organics are considered as key parameters controlling their concentrations, types, and activities. This review provides new and important insights into the fate and emerging applications of surface-bound EPFRs in biochars.

KW - Contaminant degradation

KW - Engineered biochar

KW - Green/sustainable remediation

KW - Stabilized radicals

KW - Waste valorization/recycling

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SN - 0960-8524

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JO - Agricultural Wastes

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ER -

Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: A review

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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