TY - JOUR
T1 - Formation and interdependence of disinfection byproducts during chlorination of natural organic matter in a conventional drinking water treatment plant
AU - Zhang, Xiaoxiao
AU - Chen, Zhonglin
AU - Shen, Jimin
AU - Zhao, Shengxin
AU - Kang, Jing
AU - Chu, Wei
AU - Zhou, Yaoyu
AU - Wang, Binyuan
N1 - Funding Information:
The work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0207203 and 2017YFA0207204 ), the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology (Grant No. 2017TS02 ), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51608148 ), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Grant No. GSB0L ), and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Grant No. 1-ZVH6).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - It is crucial to explore the source, formation process and interdependence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) to reduce their risk on public health. In this investigation, a source water was chlorinated to evaluate the initial formation rates and the maximum yields of trichloromethane (TCM), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) based on a hyperbola model. The results showed that TCM achieved the highest initial formation rate and maximum theoretical concentration compared with DCAA and TCAA. The TCM yield can be used to forecast the yields of DCAA and TCAA throughout the whole reaction process, and the yields of chloral hydrate (CH), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone (1,1,1-TCP) within the initial reaction stage. Besides, the raw water, settled water and filtered water collected from a drinking water treatment plant were divided into five fractions, respectively, by ultrafiltration membranes to evaluate their DBP formation after chlorination. Compared with the medium molecular weight species, high and low molecular weight organic matters exhibited relatively high specific regulated and unregulated DBP yields (expressed as μg/mg C), respectively. Humic acid-like compositions predominantly contributed to regulated DBP yields, while soluble microbial by-product-like compounds preferentially generated DCAN. The correlation study revealed that the TCM could also serve as an indicator for the measured DBPs from chlorination of sample fractions with different molecular weight. Finally, it was found that the theoretical cytotoxicity was enhanced during chlorination of filtered water compared with chlorination of settled water.
AB - It is crucial to explore the source, formation process and interdependence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) to reduce their risk on public health. In this investigation, a source water was chlorinated to evaluate the initial formation rates and the maximum yields of trichloromethane (TCM), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) based on a hyperbola model. The results showed that TCM achieved the highest initial formation rate and maximum theoretical concentration compared with DCAA and TCAA. The TCM yield can be used to forecast the yields of DCAA and TCAA throughout the whole reaction process, and the yields of chloral hydrate (CH), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone (1,1,1-TCP) within the initial reaction stage. Besides, the raw water, settled water and filtered water collected from a drinking water treatment plant were divided into five fractions, respectively, by ultrafiltration membranes to evaluate their DBP formation after chlorination. Compared with the medium molecular weight species, high and low molecular weight organic matters exhibited relatively high specific regulated and unregulated DBP yields (expressed as μg/mg C), respectively. Humic acid-like compositions predominantly contributed to regulated DBP yields, while soluble microbial by-product-like compounds preferentially generated DCAN. The correlation study revealed that the TCM could also serve as an indicator for the measured DBPs from chlorination of sample fractions with different molecular weight. Finally, it was found that the theoretical cytotoxicity was enhanced during chlorination of filtered water compared with chlorination of settled water.
KW - Disinfection byproducts
KW - Hyperbola model
KW - Molecular weight distribution
KW - Natural organic matter
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074324616&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125227
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125227
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31704522
AN - SCOPUS:85074324616
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 242
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 125227
ER -