TY - JOUR
T1 - Finding species-specific extracellular surface-facing proteomes in toxic dinoflagellates
AU - Chan, Kenrick Kai Yuen
AU - Kong, Hang Kin
AU - Tse, Sirius Pui Kam
AU - Chan, Zoe
AU - Lo, Pak Yeung
AU - Kwok, Kevin W.H.
AU - Lo, Samuel Chun Lap
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the technical support from The University Research Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis (UCEA) and The University Research Facility in Life Sciences (ULS) of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. K.K.C. is supported by a postgraduate studentship from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Account no.: ZZEG). Karenia mikimotoi (K1) culture was provided by Fred W.F. Lee’s research team, The Open University of Hong Kong. K1 was harvested and isolated from an algal bloom on 4 January 2016, coastal area of Tai Mei Tuk, Hong Kong.
Funding Information:
This research received funding from the Environment and Conservation Fund, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (ECF 2015-51). The authors acknowledge the technical support from The University Research Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis (UCEA) and The University Research Facility in Life Sciences (ULS) of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. K.K.C. is supported by a postgraduate studentship from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Account no.: ZZEG). Karenia mikimotoi (K1) culture was provided by Fred W.F. Lee?s research team, The Open University of Hong Kong. K1 was harvested and isolated from an algal bloom on 4 January 2016, coastal area of Tai Mei Tuk, Hong Kong.
Funding Information:
Funding: This research received funding from the Environment and Conservation Fund, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (ECF 2015-51).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - As a sequel to our previous report of the existence of species-specific protein/peptide expression profiles (PEPs) acquired by mass spectrometry in some dinoflagellates, we established, with the help of a plasma-membrane-impermeable labeling agent, a surface amphiesmal protein extraction method (SAPE) to label and capture species-specific surface proteins (SSSPs) as well as saxitoxins-producing-species-specific surface proteins (Stx-SSPs) that face the extracellular space (i.e., SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf ). Five selected toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium minutum, A. lusitanicum, A. tamarense, Gymnodinium catenatum, and Karenia mikimotoi, were used in this study. Transcrip-tomic databases of these five species were also constructed. With the aid of liquid chromatography linked-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the transcriptomic databases of these species, extracellularly facing membrane proteomes of the five different species were identified. Within these proteomes, 16 extracellular-facing and functionally significant transport proteins were found. Fur-thermore, 10 SSSPs and 6 Stx-SSPs were identified as amphiesmal proteins but not facing outward to the extracellular environment. We also found SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf in the proteomes. The potential functional correlation of these proteins towards the production of saxitoxins in dinoflagellates and the degree of species specificity were discussed accordingly.
AB - As a sequel to our previous report of the existence of species-specific protein/peptide expression profiles (PEPs) acquired by mass spectrometry in some dinoflagellates, we established, with the help of a plasma-membrane-impermeable labeling agent, a surface amphiesmal protein extraction method (SAPE) to label and capture species-specific surface proteins (SSSPs) as well as saxitoxins-producing-species-specific surface proteins (Stx-SSPs) that face the extracellular space (i.e., SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf ). Five selected toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium minutum, A. lusitanicum, A. tamarense, Gymnodinium catenatum, and Karenia mikimotoi, were used in this study. Transcrip-tomic databases of these five species were also constructed. With the aid of liquid chromatography linked-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the transcriptomic databases of these species, extracellularly facing membrane proteomes of the five different species were identified. Within these proteomes, 16 extracellular-facing and functionally significant transport proteins were found. Fur-thermore, 10 SSSPs and 6 Stx-SSPs were identified as amphiesmal proteins but not facing outward to the extracellular environment. We also found SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf in the proteomes. The potential functional correlation of these proteins towards the production of saxitoxins in dinoflagellates and the degree of species specificity were discussed accordingly.
KW - Cell surface labeling
KW - Orthogroup inference
KW - Proteomics
KW - Toxic dinoflagellates
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114624019&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxins13090624
DO - 10.3390/toxins13090624
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85114624019
VL - 13
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
SN - 2072-6651
IS - 9
M1 - 624
ER -