Experimental study on ultrafine particle characteristics exhausted from various fuelled vehicles

The fine particle size distribution characteristics obtained from a diesel taxi, a diesel light bus, a gasoline private car and a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuelled taxi were carried out on a chassis dynamometer system. The measurements were performed at different driving modes, i.e., with low and high idling and from 10 km· h-1to 70 km· h-1, 4 cruise operations using the instrument SMPS for collecting particles of 0.015 ∼0.7μm diameter in range. It was found that different fuelled vehicles and different driving modes characterize considerable differences in size number and mass concentration distributions. Diesel vehicles contribute much more nuclei and accumulation mode particles of 30 ∼ 150 nm, while LPG and gasoline fuelled vehicles exhaust much more nuclei mode particles of 15 ∼ 30 nm. Overall, diesel-fuelled vehicles exhaust much more particles number and mass than gasoline and LPG fuelled vehicles; In the present study, diesel vehicles exhaust the ranges of total SMPS particle number, mass concentration with (0.3 ∼ 3.6) × 108number ·cm-3, 0.03 ∼ 0.6 μ·cm-3respectively, and gasoline and LPG fuelled vehicles exhaust 2.3 ×104∼ 1.2×107number·cm-3, 8×10-5∼0.1 μg·cm-3; 8.2 × 103∼8.8 × 106number·cm-3, 1.7 × 10-5∼0.09 μg·cm-3, respectively; For all types of vehicles, the particle number and mass concentrations are small at low-idle and low-speed-driving modes, and are large at high-idle and high-speed-driving modes. They generally increase with the vehicle speed increasing from 10 to 70 km·h-1.