Evaluation of the critical factors causing sewer overflows through modeling of structural equations and system dynamics

The present study proposes a novel hybrid methodological approach for meticulously investigating the factors causing Sewer Overflow (SO). The proposed framework is based on a systematic literature review, experts’ interviews, PLS-SEM statistical technique, and system dynamic modeling. Based on a large number of data collected from experts having rich experience in developed countries, three major findings are obtained: (1) three main factors and eighteen sub-factors are the main culprit of SO occurrence, (2) under design pipe diameter, blockages, and infiltration and inflow are the most significant sub-factors within the respective clusters, and (3) physical-related sub-factors are the most influential causes of SO occurrence under a dynamic environment. The findings attained in this study offer an insightful account for the concerned environmental decision-makers on coming up with further fecund measures towards reducing the magnitude of SO, preserving our environment from the occurrence of such harmful incidents.